CCTV cameras are a very low-cost product. This is partly due to the OEM <> distributors <> installers <> end-user model. Dahua China, for example, sells the 5442-s3 (which is costly profesional model) for around $100, and Andy's store sells them for around $200, while in the standard Dahua full-service model, the MSR for them is $600.
This low cost means the cameras use cheap components – sensors, processors, lenses, etc. In a sense, they are manufactured using cheap old scrap from other industries (e.g., mobile phones).
The development of sensors for CCTV cameras has stagnated for several years. We don't see any progress here from 2022-2023.
Looking at where the money is being invested in development (smartphones, action cameras, drones) and the development of optical sensors for them, the only path forward for CCTV cameras is to adopt solutions designed for smartphones...
32 (16:9) / 48 (3:2) Mpx sensors using quad Bayer technology have monopolized the smartphone/action camera and drone market. Technological progress here is very high...
During the day, they can operate at high resolution (8K), and at night, they can group 4 pixels per 1 (for higher sensitivity) and operate at 4K resolution with better night performance.
this should solve also problems with low DORI for fixed lens cameras (8K vs 4K or 4MPX)...
I wrote many times on this forum, that the only future / way how Dahua / HIK can upgrade is start to use Quad Bayer image sensors, created for mobile & sport cameras world...
Those are 48 or 50 Mpx in little bigger sizes than we use in CCTV world (1/1.3" to 1") - single pixel is much much smaller than we have in our 4Mpx 1/1.8". But due how Quad Bayer sensors works, camera can group 4 pixels in the same color into one 4x bigger at night mode.
So in day they have 48 Mpx (8K), at night they work at 12mpx (4K)..
Here is showcase how GoPro camera using those sensors, works at night and compare to profesional DSLR with much bigger sensor:
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